Gold rose in the last year because government central banks around the world have been buying (eg: China, Turkey, some European countries, Asian countries...) and in the last couple months a lot of physical gold has been brought into the US - and it's unclear why so far but it must be one or more big US buyers - banks? government? But at the highest price gold has ever been in history, big entities are still buying it at this level. The general public, people, investors, have not been the ones pushing the price this time, but some speculate that will still come and that is what pushes gold even higher. US currency is still the global reserve but when they confiscated Russia's treasuries at the start of the war in Ukraine, a lot of countries now don't see the US dollar as such a 'safe haven', and prefer having more gold as reserves. And as you mention turbulent times around the world, regional wars, now tariff wars, there is a lot of uncertainty and gold performs well in that. Rough economy, recession, inflation, gold does well. Because stock markets have performed so well up to recently, the general investor and fund hasn't seen a reason to own gold - that might be changing as stock markets get rattled and gold holds up. At $3000/oz, gold mining companies are printing cash and by many measures are severely undervalued. There are many charts showing gold performance vs the stock market, and we have been in a period where gold has underperformed the stock markets but the charts are showing the trend is reversing, and we're heading into a period which could last a couple to many years where gold/silver and gold/silver miners outperform the stock markets. Think 1970's and early 2000's. The historical average of funds investing in mining companies is 2.0%. Currently they are at 0.5%. It's been as high as maybe 5% in the past during manias. So just to get back to the mean of 2.0%, four times the amount of money has to flow into the gold sector. That will push gold and gold mining stocks much higher than current levels.