Someone was social engineering and contacted GoDaddy about your account or a domain held there, so to confirm your identity a Verification Code was sent. They probably used every excuse in the book, like being on vacation, lost my phone, was robbed, in jail, can't remember my password, etc.
Some 3rd world scammer be trying to steal your account or domains.
There are scammer hives in Africa and Southeast Asia full of thousands of people doing this shit 24/7. It's a very scary digital world out there.